Abbreviations Edit

Highlight: Spell out and declare abbreviations whenever they are used for the first time. Avoid internet slang and jargon.

Abbreviations include acronyms, initialisms, contractions, and shortened phrases and words.

  • An acronym is formed from the initial letters of words from a particular phrase. Acronyms are pronounced as words themselves.
    • Laser – Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
    • Radar – Radio detection and ranging
    • LAN – Local Area Network
    • CRUD – Create, Read, Update, Delete
  • An initialism is formed from the initial letters of words from a particular phrase, but each letter is pronounced separately.
    • HTML – Hyper Text Markup Language
    • PST – Pacific Standard Time
    • USB – Universal Serial Bus
    • IMO – In My Opinion
  • A contraction is a short form of a word or a combination of words that is often used instead of the full form in spoken English.
    • I’m – I am
    • they’ve – they have
    • wanna – want to
    • For more information, see Contractions.
  • A shortened word or phrase which is part of the word or phrase, but condensed; sometimes with a period at the end.
    • Dr. – Doctor
    • Rd. – Road
    • etc. – et cetera
    • min – minutes
  • Sometimes the long and short versions of a word are used interchangeably. These words don’t need a period at the end.
    • max – Maximum
    • info – Information
    • app – Application
    • uni – University

Some words often have concurrent characteristics of acronyms, initialisms, or shortened words. Words like GUI, GIF could be either spoken as an acronym or an initialism; subject to preference of the speaker.

Spelling out and declaring abbreviations

Spell out and declare abbreviations whenever they are used for the first time in a document. Avoid using abbreviations in titles and headings, unless absolutely necessary. If using an abbreviation in a heading/title is mandatory, spell out the abbreviation in the succeeding body text.
Upon successive mentions of the abbreviation in the document, you can use the abbreviation without spelling it out.

Consider your audience while defining or spelling-out an abbreviation. Some abbreviations like PC, RAM, USB, PDF are more well-known than their spelled-out terms. A developer demographic would be familiar with HTML, whereas a beginner or a general reader may not. In which case, it is up to you to decide whether a particular abbreviation needs to be spelled out. If you’re sure that your reader demographic is expected to understand the term, then you don’t need to spell it out.

Sometimes, readers may not understand that a Universal Serial Bus port might be a USB port. In these cases, not spelling out the word is preferred.

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Abbreviations to be avoided

If an abbreviation appears only once in your document, just spell out the term. Don’t introduce it in parentheses after the spelled-out version. Use the most common form of the word/phrase. If the full word or phrase is most commons and understandable, use that rather than its abbreviation. For example, write approximately instead of approx.

Avoid internet slang abbreviations such as tbh (to be honest), fwiw (for what it’s worth), tl;dr (too long; didn’t read). Rephrase the sentence in an objective approach.

Use English terms over Latin abbreviations such as et al., eg., viz.; use and others, for example, namely instead of these.

Don’t add an s in abbreviations of measurements to indicate plurality. For example, 50 mi or 10 mm.

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Articles

The article (a or an) that goes along with an abbreviation depends on whether the term is pronounced like an acronym or an initialism. For example, an API, an IDE, a URL, a CMS are the articles that go with these terms.

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Capitalization

Lowercase all the words in the spelled-out form except for the proper nouns. Words like as, of, the, in abbreviations are rarely capitalized – sometimes not even included in the abbreviations. For example, NASA – National Aeronautics and Space Administration doesn’t include and in its abbreviation. On the contrary, the DOT – Department of Transportation includes an of in its abbreviation while also capitalizing it. Therefore, confirm the abbreviation and its spelled-out form for the concerned terms. Refer the Word list and usage dictionary for more information.

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Periods

Use periods at the end of shortened words. Don’t use periods with acronyms and initialisms. Similarly, don’t use periods with commons words that are abbreviations such as app or demo. Don’t use a period with an abbreviation for the name of a country, US state, or the District of Columbia (DC).

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Plurals of abbreviations

The plural of an abbreviation can be formed like any other regular term; if the abbreviation is for a singular noun, add a lowercase s to form its plural. If the abbreviation is for a plural noun, don’t add an s. Examples include APIs, CMSs, IDEs. Also ensure that the possessive form of the word (an apostrophe before the s) is not used.

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